Egyptian pharaohs and queens

Later historians claimed that she was the daughter of Pepi II and told various legends about her. According to one story, she built the smallest pyramid at Giza built by Menkaura. Modern scholars doubt that Nitocris ever existed. Senusret I was a pharaoh from the 12th Dynasty in the Middle Kingdom. His reign was a time of egyptian pharaohs and queens with no records of military campaigns found to date.

Senusret I was the first pharaoh to begin irrigating the Faiyum to open more land for cultivation purposes. His statues show signs of his actual appearance which marks a new idea in the depiction of pharaohs. Senusret built a pyramid and a funerary complex at Lahun. Ahmose I was the founder of the 18th Dynasty which began the New Kingdom.

He began the reunification of Egypt after the Second Intermediate Period. He fought battles throughout Egypt, Palestine and Kush as he sought to banish the Hyksos. Goods and artwork from this period show a Minoan influence in the design on Egyptian forms. Ahmose I began building projects at Memphis and in his religious capital Thebes, especially at Karnak.

His tomb location is unknown but his mummy was part of the Deir el-Bahri royal mummy stash. Amenhotep I was from the 18th Dynasty, during the New Kingdom. Amenhotep I military campaigns brought in booty that allowed the pharaoh to fund his building projects. The workmen at Deir el-Medina worshiped him, and his mother, as their patron gods for centuries.

Deir el-Medina was the town where the government workers who built the tombs in the Valley of the Kings lived. During this period, it became a rule that royal females could only marry a king. The son of Thutmose I and the father of the better known Thutmose IIIhe was only able to rule between 3 and 13 years, a period disputed by scholars.

His wife, queen Hatshepsutattempted to replace his name on monuments with hers. Thutmose III, later, tried to restore his father's name and this resulted in conflicting information about Thutmose II's life. His mummy, found in the royal cache at the Temple of Hatshepsut, shows signs of weakness and diseases that caused his death. Hatshepsut was a pharaoh from the 18th Dynasty, during the New Kingdom, and a woman.

Hatshepsut began her rule as his regent but she became the pharaoh. She claimed to be the child of Amun and transformed herself into a king by wearing the symbols of kingship. Hatshepsut emphasized her right to rule through her bloodline. She ruled for almost twenty years and built all over Egypt. Also Read: Famous Egyptian Mummies. Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide the following year after being defeated at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.

Cleopatra was famous for her cleverness and ability to speak in multiple languages, including Greek, Egyptian, and Roman. Her patronage of the arts and sciences was well-known, and her court was a center for knowledge and culture. Her story has been glorified and mythologized over time, and her image has come to represent beauty, power, and femininity.

Nefertiti was the wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten and an ancient Egyptian queen. She wielded enormous political and religious power during her reign, and her image was prominently depicted in Egyptian art and sculpture. The bust is a symbol of beauty and femininity and is considered one of the most recognizable elements of ancient Egyptian art.

Also Read: Nefertiti Facts. She also had considerable political authority, and there is evidence that she may have served as co-regent with her husband. Her final resting location is unknown, but her memory continues to intrigue and inspire people all over the world. Hatshepsut was the daughter of King Thutmose I and married her half-brother, Thutmose II, who took over as pharaoh after their father died.

Also Read: Facts About Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut is recognized for her successful reign, during which she encouraged trade, commissioned several construction projects, and developed diplomatic relations with neighboring powers. She was also an avid constructor, commissioning numerous temples, statues, and monuments around Egypt. Maybe her most famous architectural achievement is the temple at Deir el-Bahri, which is known for its huge architecture and beautiful reliefs.

Also Read: Accomplishments of Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut was well-known for her patronage of the arts, and her court was a center of learning and culture. She is thought to have commissioned a number of works of art, including representations of herself as a male pharaoh, replete with beard and traditional male attire. Her legacy, however, has been preserved through archaeological discoveries and the works of ancient historians.

Dynasty 6. Netjerkare Siptah. First Intermediate Period. Dynasty 8—Dynasty Dynasty 11 first half. Intef II Mentuhotep II Middle Kingdom. Dynasty 11 second half. Mentuhotep II cont. Dynasty Amenemhat I Amenemhat II Senwosret III Amenemhat III Second Intermediate Period. Dynasty 14—Dynasty New Kingdom. Ahmose Amenhotep I Thutmose I Thutmose III Archived from the original PDF on Sons of the Sun.

Rise and decline of the Fifth Dynasty. Prague: Charles University. The Express Tribune. Prague Egyptological Studies. XV : 28— ISSN Charles University. January In Edwards, I. The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. Cambridge University. Ahram Online. Retrieved Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology. In Hathor's Image. A History of Ancient Egypt.

Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell egyptian pharaohs and queens. Archived from the original on March 21, Part 2. DynastieWiesbadenp. Hodjash, O. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. The British Museum Press,p. Donald Redford. Oxford University Press, Archived from the original on The Private Lives of the Pharaohs. London: Channel 4 Books.

Moran The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press. PMID William L. Moran English-language ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet. Thames and Hudson. Valley of the Queens Assessment Report: Volume 1. Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh. London: Penguin Books. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. Christian Settipanip.

Laming The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. S2CID Retrieved 1 October In Pre-Islamic Persia". Encyclopaedia Iranica. London et al. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. Bibliography [ edit ]. Queens of ancient Egypt. Pharaoh uncertain. Menka Nimaathap. Hetephernebti Djeseretnebti Djefatnebti Meresankh I. Tentamun Mutnedjmet Karimala. Karomama II.

Stateira I. Ancient Egypt topics. Glossary of artifacts Index Main topics. Egyptology Egyptologists Museums. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list CS1 French-language sources fr CS1 maint: others Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October Toggle the table of contents.

List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts. An inscription of the queen's name was found at el-Beda. Narmer [ 8 ]. Local Naqada Royalty? Hor-Aha [ 8 ]. Tomb of NeithhotepNaqada [ 8 ]. Possibly ruled as regent for her son Hor-Aha. Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb B14 [ 10 ]. Djer [ 8 ]. Only known from the Palermo Stoneno known contemporary sources mention her.

Saqqara Tomb S? Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb O Complex [ 11 ]. May have died due to decapitation [ 12 ] but this is disputed. Djet [ 8 ]. Umm el-Qa'ab Tomb Y [ 8 ]. Ruled as Regent for her son Den. May have been a egyptian pharaohs and queens of Djer. Semerkhet [ 15 ]. May have been a wife of Den. Unknown, Khasekhemwy? Attested by a basalt relief fragment similar in appearance to one attributed to Khasekhemwy.

Khasekhemwy [ 8 ]. Djoser [ 8 ] Sekhemkhet? Beit Khallaf Tomb K1? May have ruled as regent for her son Djoser. Djoser [ 20 ]. Inetkaes [ 21 ]. Her status as queen is a matter of debate due to lack of royal titles found beside the name. Sneferu [ 25 ]. Hetepheres I? Sneferu [ 20 ]. Huni [ 25 ]. Meresankh I? Khufu [ 20 ]. Tomb G XGiza. Khufu [ 26 ].

Sneferu [ 26 ]. Kawab [ 27 ] Djedefre? Hetepheres II [ 27 ]. Pyramid G1-b [ 26 ]. Pyramid G1-c [ 26 ]. Djedefre [ 26 ]. With Horbaef : Djaty Nebty-tepites. Khufu [ 27 ]. Meritites I [ 27 ]. With Kawab : Duaenhor [ 27 ] Kaemsekhem [ 27 ] Mindjedef [ 27 ]. Giza Tomb G [ 26 ]. Khafra [ 26 ] [ 28 ]. Kawab [ 26 ]. Hetepheres II [ 26 ].

Nebemakhet [ 27 ] Duaenre [ 27 ] Niuserre [ 27 ] Khenterka [ 27 ]. Shepsetkau [ 27 ]. Menkaure [ 29 ]. Khamerernebty II [ 30 ]. Nikaure [ 31 ]. Giza Tomb LG88 [ 32 ]. Sekhemkare [ 31 ]. Menkaure [ 28 ]. Khafre [ 28 ] [ 32 ]. Khamerernebty I [ 28 ]. Khuenre [ 28 ]. Giza Tomb G3a or Tomb G3b? Giza Tomb G [ 34 ]. Unclear whether she was a wife or daughter of Shepseskaf [ 36 ].

Previously believed to have been mother of Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai[ 37 ] [ 38 ] but newer evidence contradicts this theory. Pyramid of Khentkaus I. There has been much debate around this queen's identity. She may have ruled as regent for one or more of her sons. She may have been in fact a wife of Shepseskaf or the ephemeral Thamphthis rather than Userkaf.

She may even be the same person as Thampthis but this is not a widely accepted theory. Userkaf [ 42 ]. Sahure [ 42 ]. Pyramid complex of Queen Neferhetepes. Sahure [ 44 ]. Neferirkare Kakai [ 45 ] Horemsaf? Known in older studies as Neferethanebty [ 44 ]. Neferirkare Kakai [ 37 ]. Neferefre [ 44 ] Nyuserre Ini [ 44 ]. Pyramid of Khentkaus II.

Khentkaus II [ 46 ]. Menkauhor Kaiu [ 47 ] or Shepseskare? Giza Tomb AC 30 [ 49 ]. Nyuserre Ini [ 50 ]. Khamerernebty [ 50 ]. Menkauhor Kaiu? Saqqara Tomb 82 [ 54 ]. May have been a wife of Djedkare Isesi [ 56 ]. Setibhor [ 57 ]. Djedkare Isesi [ 57 ]. Pyramid of Setibhor. Unas [ 53 ]. Double Mastaba north-east of Pyramid of Unas [ 54 ]. Mastaba D18, Saqqara [ 59 ].

Nimaathap II [ 61 ]. Unknown [ 61 ]. Mastaba in Giza [ 61 ]. Unas [ 62 ]. Nebet or Khenut? Possibly ruled as regent for her son Pepi I. Tetiankhkem [ 64 ]. Khentkaus IV [ 63 ]. Naert [ 65 ].

Egyptian pharaohs and queens

Funerary temple discovered in Khui of Abydos [ 62 ]. Nebet [ 62 ]. Merenre Nemtyemsaf I [ 62 ]. Neith [ 62 ]. Saqqara [ 62 ]. Pyramid Complex of Pepi I [ 67 ] [ 68 ]. Ruled as regent for her son Pepi II. Mehaa [ 68 ].