Packianathan chelladurai biography of abraham

The idea as shown in Figure 1 that transformational leadership influences leader characteristics Box 2 would be most relevant where a coach has one or more assistant coaches. That is, the chief coach would attempt to transform the assistant coaches in the same way he or she would transform player characteristics. If there is only one coach, it would mean that the coach would change his or her own characteristics to fit the transformational mold and attempt to change the situational characteristics as well as the characteristics of the members as indicated by the dotted arrows flowing from actual behavior Box 5 to situational characteristics Box 1 and to member characteristics Box 3.

A theory is useful only to the extent that the variables of the study can be measured and the relationships among the variables can be verified. With this in mind, Chelladurai developed the Leadership Scale for Sports LSS to measure the three forms of leader behavior contained in the model. It is composed of 40 items to measure these five dimensions of leader behavior: training and instruction 13 itemsdemocratic behavior 9 itemsautocratic behavior 5 itemssocial support 8 itemsand positive feedback and rewarding behavior 5 items.

The psychometric properties of the LSS have been verified and supported in several studies. However, the subscale of autocratic behavior has been shown to be weak in almost all studies. One reason for such low internal consistency estimates is that the items in the subscale relate to three different forms of behavior—being aloof, being authoritative, and making autocratic decisions.

Another conceptual issue that plagues the dimension of autocratic behavior is that whether a coach should be autocratic or democratic is dependent on the attributes of the problem in question. The items in this subscale do not capture the situational contingencies. Zhang and his colleagues. It also includes a new dimension titled situational consideration behaviors.

Packianathan chelladurai biography of abraham

However, the Revised LSS has not been subjected to confirmatory analyses and the new dimension is subsumed by the original five dimensions. Therefore, parsimony would dictate the use of the original LSS. Much of the research on the notion of congruence suggested in the model has been restricted to only two states of leader behavior—preferred behavior and perceived behavior used as a proxy for actual behavior.

While the notion of congruence between these two states of leader behavior has been largely supported, it is disappointing that the congruence among all three states of leader behavior has not been tested adequately. Researchers could have omitted required behavior from consideration because of the difficulty of measuring required behavior. Future research may consider asking expert coaches specifically about what should be the required behavior in a given situation defined by age, gender, ability level, goals of the program, and so on.

The average of these responses may be used as required behavior in the relevant situation. He collated more than items from these scales and reworded them to suite the coaching context. However, he was forced to reduce the scale to 99 items because the computers available at his university at that time could not handle more than that number of items.

He administered the initial questionnaire to members of the university basketball teams in Canada and derived five dimensions of leader behavior through exploratory factor analysis. Subsequent research studies employing the more sophisticated confirmatory factor analysis has supported the robustness of the LSS. While these steps are acceptable, it is necessary to generate sport specific items, group them into meaningful categories, administer the questionnaire to different teams in different sports, and subject the data to confirmatory factor analyses.

Furthermore, the LSS does not tap into the dimensions of transformational leadership, which has been recently incorporated into the MML. It is expected that future research will focus on refining the existing subscales and developing new subscales for transformational leadership. Finally, it must be noted that although the MML was advanced in research related to leadership in athletics, the model itself is applicable to any context e.

Inhe served as editor of the Journal of Sport Management. He is a long-standing member of the prestigious National Academy of Kinesiology. Inthe American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education elected him as a corresponding fellow of the academy. Zeigler Award. Her research focuses on promoting sport for mental health from a social epidemiological perspective for underrepresented populations such as older adults.

She has been invited to conduct social, psychological, and economic impact assessments for several organizations and local government sectors. Her work has been published both in top-tier sport management journals and in highly impactful journals outside of the field. She also is the coauthor of the book Research Methods in Sport Management.

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